Key Differences In Globalization and Localization Testing

black and white illustration of a man with his back facing us as he works on testing localized interfaces. Beyond his workstation with two screens is an abstract, futuristic, computer-relay like pattern surrounding the desk.

Globalization (g11n) and localization (l10n) testing are crucial steps in creating software that works seamlessly across different cultures and languages. This article explores their role in successful international product launches.

Seemingly everything is connected these days, and software applications, too, need to function effectively for users across multiple countries and cultures. This is where globalization and localization testing come into play.

These testing practices ensure that software can handle the linguistic, cultural, and technical differences of diverse markets. Let’s take a quick look at what the two test methods entail, how they differ, and why they’re so essential for software success on a global scale.

What is Globalization Testing?

Globalization testing is also known as internationalization testing, or I18N testing, and refers to the process of verifying that a software application can function in any culture, in different languages and regions.

It aims to basically ensure that the core functionality and performance of the software remain intact when adapted for various locales. This type of testing focuses on aspects such as:

  • How non-ASCII characters and special symbols are handled
  • Display of dates, times, numbers, and different currency formats
  • Support for text expansion or shrinkage due to translation
  • Compatibility with different operating systems, browsers, devices

What is Localization Testing?

Localization testing, or L10N testing, goes a step further than globalization testing by zeroing in on the specific language and cultural elements.

While globalization testing checks that the software can be adapted for different locales, localization testing verifies that those adapted versions meet the actual linguistic, cultural, and legal requirements of each target market. It evaluates elements like:

  • Accuracy and cultural appropriateness of translated user interface (UI) and documentation
  • Suitability of images, colors, and symbols for the target audience
  • Compliance with local regulations like data privacy laws or accessibility standards
  • Proper display of locale-specific content, such as addresses or phone numbers

Why Globalization and Localization Testing Matter

Skipping globalization testing and localization testing can have consequences. There are a few key things that make these tests so critical.

For one, they ensure functionality and usability across different regions, which is simply vital for a localized interface. You want the localized product to work as intended and provide a smooth, intuitive experience for users in each target locale. 

Second, localization testing helps nip any cultural missteps in the bud, which might have previously gone unnoticed.

cropped rendering of a white male's hands holding a tablet as he works on some sort of globalization and localization testing task

Third, testing ensures that the application complies with local regulations. Different countries have different laws and standards governing software, such as accessibility requirements or data protection regulations, and when you set out to globalize software, they have to be taken into account. Testing verifies compliance.

Finally, testing contributes to positive user experiences that can drive usage and revenue in international markets.

How to Perform Globalization Testing

Since the purpose of globalization testing is to ensure that the software can be used in any culture or locale, teams should develop comprehensive test cases that cover a wide range of languages, regions, and cultural scenarios.

It’s important to validate that the software can handle non-ASCII characters, special symbols, and text expansion or shrinkage. Testers need to verify that dates, times, numbers, and the currency format display correctly for each supported locale. Additionally, the software’s compatibility needs to be checked against different operating systems, browsers, and devices that may be used in target markets.

Conducting Localization Testing Services

For localization testing to be effective, it requires an understanding the specific region and language nuances. And that means working with native speakers or localization experts to review the translated user interface, documentation, and help content for linguistic and cultural accuracy.

Testers have to verify that all user-facing text, images, and symbols are fully translated and culturally appropriate for the target locale. The software should correctly display and process locale-specific data like addresses or phone numbers, online help and mobile number formats.

Here also, software testing should be done with the hardware and software configurations that are common in your target market.

If you know 77% of your users are on Android and only have 3G access at best, then the localized version of your iOS app killing it on 5G isn’t very relevant to that huge group of users in that particular locale.

Challenges of Globalization and Localization Testing

Testing techniques for globalization vs localization can differ significantly. While they’re both essential, each come with some challenges.

One major hurdle is managing testing across a large matrix of languages, locales, and system configurations. Testers have to keep pace with evolving regional standards, conventions and regulations. Coordinating a remote testing team and resources across time zones and cultures is highly complex. I did it for over a decade and it was a daily exercise in a diplomatic balancing act of sorts.

Juggling the need for thorough software testing with the pressure to iterate fase and release quality software quickly and cost-effectively is today’s reality. This means that quality assurance teams have to keep up with software development and work in an agile manner to adapt changes in the globalized product, adding another layer of complexity to the testing process.

While testing the software can be complex and challenging, neglecting these practices is almost sure to limit the adoption and success of your products and services. In such, investing in robust globalization and localization testing processes is essential for any business serious about competing in today’s market.

Jenna Brinning Avatar

Author

A localization consultant, writer, editor, and content publisher with over two decades of experience in tech and language, Jenna holds an M.A. in journalism and communication science from Freie Universität Berlin, and is a certified PSPO and PSM who loves helping startups and small businesses reach international users.

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